International Coffee Partners Support Integrated Livelihoods and Strengthen Women in the Coffee Sector in 2025

Source: International Coffee Partners – 2025 Annual Report |
Author: Qahwa World |
Date: June 19, 2026

International Coffee Partners Support Integrated Livelihoods and Strengthen Women in the Coffee Sector in 2025

Key Takeaways:

  • International Coffee Partners (ICP) reached 12,819 smallholder coffee farming households across 5 countries in 2025, with a new project launched in Ethiopia.
  • Household income increased in Brazil from USD 16,033 to USD 18,170, and in Honduras from USD 7,938 to USD 10,372.
  • Indonesia saw income jump from USD 2,925 to USD 4,781, while Tanzania increased from USD 1,227 to USD 1,441 and Uganda from USD 1,793 to USD 1,949.
  • The Women’s Empowerment Index improved significantly: from 52% to 63% in Brazil, 61% to 68% in Honduras, and 65% to 84% in Tanzania.
  • 45% of women and 21% of youth participated in project activities and trainings in 2025, with 487 farmer organizations engaged.
  • Since its founding in 2001, ICP has implemented 28 projects in 13 countries, reaching 125,700 households with investments of EUR 25 million.

International Coffee Partners (ICP) released its 2025 Annual Report, revealing continued efforts to support smallholder coffee farmers across five countries: Brazil, Honduras, Indonesia, Tanzania, and Uganda, with a new project launched in Ethiopia. Despite rising global coffee prices delivering short-term income gains, climate variability and continued dependence on favorable market conditions highlighted the sector’s cyclical nature and farmers’ exposure to global market fluctuations.

Smallholder coffee farmers continue to face significant challenges related to volatile markets, climate variability, and limited access to services and finance. These challenges are most pronounced in rural areas where livelihoods depend on climate-sensitive agricultural systems and often lack sufficient diversification, making households vulnerable to both climate and market-related shocks.

2025 Figures and Achievements: 12,819 Households Reached and New Project in Ethiopia

In 2025, ICP projects supported 12,819 smallholder coffee farming households across the five countries, with core activities including capacity building, climate-smart agriculture, livelihood diversification, strengthening farmer organizations, and inclusion of women and youth. The “CAFE Legacy” project was launched in Ethiopia, working with 10 cooperatives and one cooperative union, reaching over 2,000 members and indirectly benefiting approximately 12,000 coffee farming households.

Country Households Income 2024 (USD) Income 2025 (USD) WEI 2024 WEI 2025
Brazil 1,157 16,033 18,170 52% 63%
Honduras 2,303 7,938 10,372 61% 68%
Indonesia 3,607 2,925 4,781 70% 72%
Tanzania 3,620 1,227 1,441 65% 84%
Uganda 2,132 1,793 1,949 64% 66%

Source: ICP 2025 Annual Report. WEI = Women’s Empowerment Index.

Key Results by Country: Income Growth and Women’s Empowerment at the Forefront

Brazil: Average annual household income rose from USD 16,033 to USD 18,170, with the share of farmers practicing record keeping increasing from 54% to 72%. The Women’s Empowerment Index increased from 52% to 63%, reflecting stronger joint decision-making and agency at household level.

Honduras: Average annual household income increased from USD 7,938 to USD 10,372, with the Women’s Empowerment Index rising from 61% to 68%, alongside improved adoption of Good Agricultural Practices and Climate-Smart Agriculture.

Indonesia: The highest relative income increase was recorded, from USD 2,925 to USD 4,781, with a focus on women’s economic empowerment through women’s groups and improved farming practices.

Tanzania: Average annual household income increased from USD 1,227 to USD 1,441, with a notable increase in the Women’s Empowerment Index from 65% to 84%, reflecting significant progress in women’s participation in decision-making and cooperative leadership.

Uganda: Average annual household income increased from USD 1,793 to USD 1,949, with an integrated approach combining participatory climate planning, Farmer Field School training, and cooperative strengthening.

Ethiopia: In 2025, the “CAFE Legacy” (Coffee Alliances for Ethiopia) project was launched, building on the achievements of previous CAFE projects in which ICP worked closely with smallholder farmers and farmer organizations to enhance skills, productivity, and climate resilience. The project will collaborate with 10 coffee cooperatives and one cooperative union, reaching more than 2,000 cooperative members, including women and youth, and will indirectly benefit approximately 12,000 coffee farming households. Key focus areas include: strengthening cooperative governance and management capacity, improving business performance and market competitiveness, enhancing coffee quality through improved post-harvest handling and standards, promoting youth and women’s participation and leadership, and supporting infrastructure such as drying beds and storage facilities.

Women as Drivers of Transformation – Empowerment Index Shows Notable Improvement

ICP emphasizes that women’s empowerment strengthens the economic resilience and productivity of coffee-farming households and communities. The Women’s Empowerment Index saw notable improvements across all countries, particularly in Tanzania from 65% to 84%, Honduras from 61% to 68%, and Brazil from 52% to 63%. Activities included gender and youth-focused approaches to enhance participation and economic opportunities.

Global Presence: 28 Projects in 13 Countries, Reaching 125,700 Households

Since its founding in 2001, ICP has implemented 28 projects in 13 countries, reaching 125,700 households with total investments of EUR 25 million from ICP shareholders. ICP worked with 487 farmer organizations, and 45% of women and 21% of youth participated in project activities and trainings in 2025.

Institutional Partners and Estimated Returns

ICP’s institutional partners include Neumann Gruppe, EMS, EST, Café Gold, Kabi, and Nestlé. ICP estimates that every euro invested by its shareholders generates approximately 7 euros in social, environmental, and economic returns, reflecting the effectiveness of its integrated development model.

What Matters: Integrated Livelihood Support and Women’s Empowerment

ICP emphasizes that integrated livelihood support requires empowering smallholder farmers to assess risks, opportunities, and trade-offs in increasingly complex environments. Through a participatory and inclusive approach, content is tailored to local needs with continuous community feedback. Training and technical support are linked to institutional strengthening and inclusive economic development, enabling farmers to manage climate risks and access market opportunities. ICP believes that women can be key drivers of transformation and that empowering them strengthens the economic resilience and productivity of coffee-farming households and communities.

Frequently Asked Questions About the ICP 2025 Annual Report

Q: Which countries did ICP work in during 2025?

A: Brazil, Honduras, Indonesia, Tanzania, and Uganda, with a new project launched in Ethiopia.

Q: How many households benefited from ICP projects in 2025?

A: 12,819 smallholder coffee farming households.

Q: Which countries saw the highest income increases?

A: Indonesia saw the highest relative increase from USD 2,925 to USD 4,781, followed by Honduras from USD 7,938 to USD 10,372.

Q: How did the Women’s Empowerment Index improve?

A: It improved across all countries, with significant increases in Tanzania from 65% to 84%, Honduras from 61% to 68%, and Brazil from 52% to 63%.

Q: What are ICP’s cumulative investments and reach since its founding?

A: EUR 25 million invested, reaching 125,700 households across 13 countries.

The ICP 2025 Annual Report confirms that investing in smallholder coffee farmers, empowering women, and strengthening local institutions are essential pillars for building a more resilient and sustainable coffee sector. As climate and market challenges persist, integrated development models that place farmers at the heart of solutions are increasingly vital.

Prepared and edited by: Qahwa World – Based on the 2025 Annual Report of International Coffee Partners (ICP).

All rights reserved. Republication with attribution permitted.

Publication date: June 19, 2026

Climate Pressures Affect All Coffee Producers, But Their Adaptation Capacities Vary Shockingly

Source: TechnoServe and ACT Coffee Programme (UNIDO) – June 2026 |
Author: Qahwa World |
Date: June 18, 2026

Climate Pressures Affect All Coffee Producers, But Their Adaptation Capacities Vary Shockingly

Key Takeaways:

  • A new report from TechnoServe and the ACT Coffee Programme reveals that all ten leading coffee-producing countries face increasing climate stress, but their ability to adapt varies significantly.
  • Latin American countries and Indonesia are the most vulnerable to climate risks, while East African countries are less exposed but suffer from greater economic fragility.
  • The income gap is striking: Ugandan coffee farmers earn $610 per hectare, while their counterparts in Vietnam earn $4,885.
  • The report calls for strategic investments of $560 million annually over seven years, which could generate $2.1 billion in additional farm income and $2.6 billion in exports per year.
  • Thirteen global coffee companies have endorsed the report’s findings, signaling growing industry awareness of the need for climate action.

A new report from TechnoServe, in partnership with the ACT Coffee Programme of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), reveals that ten of the world’s leading coffee-producing countries face escalating climate pressures. However, the most striking finding is that these countries’ capacities to adapt to these pressures vary dramatically, creating deep economic gaps between coffee farmers around the world.

The report, titled “Benchmarking Coffee Production and Climate Risk,” builds on TechnoServe’s 2025 Regenerative Coffee Investment Case and provides a comprehensive view of how climate change is affecting the sector and what can be done to strengthen its resilience.

Methodology: Three Dimensions of Risk and Two Time Horizons

The report draws on global climate data, international risk indexes, and field data from TechnoServe programs. It evaluates the ten countries across three key dimensions: climate risk exposure (the intensity of changes in temperature and rainfall), climate sensitivity (the degree to which the production system is affected by these changes), and adaptive capacity (the readiness of farmers, governments, and the private sector to invest in adaptation solutions). The analysis was conducted under a moderate climate scenario (SSP2-4.5) and examined two time horizons: the near term (2020–2040) and the long term (2040–2060).

Country Differences: Latin America and Indonesia Most Vulnerable, East Africa Most Fragile

The results reveal significant variation in farmers’ ability to face climate challenges and the level of support available to them. Brazil, Peru, and Indonesia showed a high degree of risk exposure with relatively stronger adaptive capacity. Vietnam also scored high on adaptive capacity but was classified in the intermediate vulnerability category.

East African countries such as Ethiopia and Uganda showed lower overall risk exposure but weaker adaptive capacity, with smaller farms, lower yields, and limited support systems. The report noted that smallholder coffee revenue in Uganda is estimated at about $610 per hectare, compared to $4,885 in Vietnam and $4,731 in Brazil. This disparity reflects deep economic fragility in East Africa, despite relatively lower climate exposure.

Country Risk Exposure Sensitivity Adaptive Capacity Farm Income ($/ha)
Brazil 1.52 3.1 2.6 4,731
Indonesia 2.00 2.4 2.6
Peru 1.90 2.8 2.7
Vietnam 1.69 2.6 2.7 4,885
Ethiopia 1.28 2.1 2.1
Uganda 1.07 2.1 2.1 610

Source: TechnoServe report – Benchmarking Coffee Production and Climate Risk (2026). Scores range from 1 to 4 (1=Low, 4=High).

Types of Risks: Heat Stress, Heavy Rainfall, and Drought

The report identified Indonesia, Peru, Vietnam, and Brazil as facing the most acute challenges from rising temperatures exceeding suitable ranges for coffee cultivation. In these countries, lower elevation further amplifies the impact of heat stress and temperature variability. Indonesia, Peru, and Colombia face the highest risk of damage from excessive rainfall, which can lead to soil erosion, waterlogging, and the spread of pests and diseases.

In contrast, Brazil faces the greatest risk of thermal-water stress, where the combined effect of high temperatures and low rainfall increases drought risk. Specific regions in Kenya and Uganda are also expected to experience rainfall deficits.

Recommendations: Investing in Farms and Infrastructure Is the Solution

One of the report’s central conclusions is that improving farm profitability is among the most effective ways to strengthen resilience against climate risks. The report calls for directing capital across three interconnected categories:

  • Farmer training and technical assistance: To disseminate regenerative agriculture practices that address local thermal and water risks.
  • Farmer capital and financial products: To provide affordable financing for farmers to cover transition costs and bridge income gaps during renovation years.
  • Systemic and infrastructure gaps: Including disaster preparedness, research and development, market systems, and policy reforms.

The report estimates that an annual investment of approximately $560 million over seven years in regenerative agriculture could generate $2.1 billion in additional farm income and $2.6 billion in exports per year across several key coffee-producing countries.

Thirteen Coffee Companies Endorse Findings, But Funding Challenges Loom

According to TechnoServe, 13 coffee companies have endorsed the report’s findings, reflecting what the organization described as growing industry-wide recognition of the need for action. However, the report does not specify whether these companies provided financial support for the study, nor does it detail any climate-adaptation investments they may have made on behalf of coffee farmers.

The call for coordinated investment comes at a challenging time for agricultural development globally. Recent reductions in foreign-aid funding, including cuts affecting international development programs, have contributed to a widening funding gap across the coffee sector.

Experts: The Report Reflects a Daily Reality for Coffee Farmers

Paul Stewart, TechnoServe’s Global Coffee Director and one of the report’s lead authors, said: “The report reflects what TechnoServe teams around the world see every day. Climate change is already affecting the productivity and livelihoods of smallholder coffee farmers, yet many lack the tools they need to respond.”

Frequently Asked Questions About the Climate Risk Report

Q: Which ten countries are covered in the report?

A: Brazil, Indonesia, Peru, Vietnam, Kenya, Honduras, Colombia, Tanzania, Ethiopia, and Uganda.

Q: What are the three dimensions of risk assessment?

A: Climate risk exposure, climate sensitivity, and adaptive capacity.

Q: Why are East African countries more fragile despite lower risk exposure?

A: Due to smaller farm sizes, lower yields, weaker support systems, and lower income per hectare, limiting farmers’ ability to invest in adaptation.

Q: What is the estimated investment needed according to the report?

A: Approximately $560 million annually over seven years.

The TechnoServe report confirms that climate challenges facing the coffee sector are not uniform, and that smart, data-driven investments can make a significant difference in the lives of millions of farmers and the sustainability of the global sector.

Prepared and edited by: Qahwa World – Based on the TechnoServe report “Benchmarking Coffee Production and Climate Risk” (June 2026), and the UNIDO ACT Coffee Programme.

All rights reserved. Republication with attribution permitted.

Publication date: June 18, 2026

Uganda’s Ambition Shakes Coffee Markets: A Historic Leap Toward 20 Million Bags

DUBAI – QAHWA WORLD

While global markets remain preoccupied with weather volatility in Brazil, Uganda continues its steady and confident rise to solidify its position as the largest coffee exporting power in Africa, surpassing all conventional expectations.

According to data from the International Coffee Organization (ICO) Report for January 2026, Uganda recorded a historic surge in its exports with a growth rate of 52.5%, serving as a primary contributor to the increase in the continent’s total exports.

This exceptional performance was no coincidence; rather, it is the result of a national strategy that enabled the country to exceed the 8.2 million bags (60 kg each) annual threshold, placing it seventh globally and transforming it into a “pivotal player” that cannot be ignored in the global supply equation.

Analytical insights from the report indicate that Uganda successfully exploited the “price vacuum” left by production disruptions in other regions by improving production quality and expanding cultivated areas.

The Ugandan success story relies on a unique diversity; the country balances the production of “Robusta,” which forms the backbone of its exports, and high-quality “Arabica” grown on mountain slopes.

This diversity has granted it high flexibility in facing global exchange fluctuations, as Ugandan coffee has become the first choice for roasters seeking “value for money,” especially with increasing demand for both varieties in emerging European and Asian markets.

Behind these figures lies Uganda’s most ambitious plan in the continent’s history, aiming to double production to reach 20 million bags by 2030.

This government vision includes a comprehensive modernization of the post-harvest sector, the distribution of disease-resistant seedlings, and enhancing the capacities of smallholder farmers who represent 90% of the productive force.

Analysts believe that Uganda reaching this figure will make it a direct competitor to countries the size of Vietnam, redrawing the power map of the global coffee market and reducing total dependence on Latin American production.

The recent export leap is not just a number in an international report; it is a clear signal to investors that the center of gravity in coffee production has begun to shift toward East Africa. The ambition of 20 million bags is no longer a distant dream but an economic reality taking shape under the mantle of sustainable development and agricultural leadership.

Uganda Projects 558,000-Ton Coffee Crop, a 15% Increase for 2025/2026

Kampala — Qahwa World

Uganda is forecasting a major rise in coffee production, projecting a 15% increase for the 2025/2026 crop year (October–September), as new coffee plantations begin to yield harvests, according to Gerald Kyalo, Commissioner of the Coffee Department at the Ministry of Agriculture.

The East African country—Africa’s leading coffee exporter—expects to harvest 558,000 metric tons, equivalent to 9.3 million 60-kilogram bags, up from 8.1 million bags in the previous season. The projection represents a 14.8% rise, or 72,000 tons more than last year’s output of 486,000 tons.

“The major reason is increased planting. Many farmers have planted coffee which we anticipate will come into production this year and will inevitably push up exports as well,” Kyalo told Reuters.

Over the past years, the government of President Yoweri Museveni has distributed free coffee seedlings to both new and existing farmers to expand their acreage or open up new farmland. Additionally, the government has been providing free fertilisers to help the country reach its ambitious target of producing 30 million bags annually by 2030.

Uganda predominantly grows the Robusta variety, though Arabica is also cultivated in highland regions. Production and export volumes have been climbing steadily, boosted by global coffee price gains and maturing new trees that have begun producing fruit.

In the 12 months to August 2025, Uganda earned $2.2 billion from coffee exports, up 57% from the previous year—a record performance that underscores the sector’s growing strength. Since the country exports nearly 95% of its coffee, the larger 2025/2026 crop is expected to further boost export revenues and consolidate Uganda’s position as a key player in the global coffee market.

With expanded planting, favourable weather, and strong global demand, Uganda continues to reinforce its status as one of Africa’s fastest-growing coffee producers—well on its path toward becoming a top global coffee powerhouse.

Germany Earns More From Coffee Than Producing African Nations

Berlin – September 14, 2025 – (Qahwa World) – Germany, a country that does not grow coffee, has become one of the most influential players in the global coffee industry, earning more from exports than all African producing nations combined. In 2024, Germany exported over 473,000 tonnes of coffee worth €6 billion, largely by importing raw beans from producing countries and re-exporting them after processing and branding.

Africa, home to 18 coffee-exporting countries including Uganda, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Rwanda, remains dependent on raw bean exports. Uganda recently overtook Ethiopia as the continent’s leading exporter, shipping nearly 800,000 bags in May 2025 alone, worth $243 million. Ethiopia, long considered the historic heart of coffee, followed with 43,481 tonnes during the same period. Data from the International Coffee Organization covering March 2023 to February 2024 shows Uganda shipped over six million bags, compared with Ethiopia’s 3.5 million, while other producers such as Tanzania, Côte d’Ivoire, and Kenya trailed with far smaller volumes.

The disparity lies in value addition. A KPMG study as far back as 2014 highlighted that Africa exported coffee worth $6 billion while the global coffee industry exceeded $100 billion, driven by roasting, blending, packaging, branding, and sustainable certification. Germany has built its dominance on precisely these steps, importing nearly one million tonnes of green coffee in 2023, 91 percent directly from producing nations. Brazil supplied the largest share at 341,000 tonnes, followed by Vietnam, Honduras, Uganda, Colombia, and India. Even when imports declined by 17 percent that year, Germany’s reserves ensured its exports continued without disruption.

The contrast underscores a hard truth: while coffee was born in Africa, most of its wealth is captured elsewhere. Unless producing nations invest in roasting, branding, and specialty development at origin, they will remain suppliers of raw beans while others reap the greater rewards.

Global Coffee Stocks Fall to Lowest Level Since April 2024

Dubai, September 4, 2025 (Qahwa World) – The International Coffee Organization’s (ICO) August 2025 report has revealed a sharp decline in global coffee stocks, falling to their lowest level since April 2024. The drop in inventories comes just weeks after prices reached a historic high, highlighting a fragile market caught between soaring demand and tightening supply.

According to the ICO, certified Arabica stocks held at the New York Exchange dropped 7.9% to 0.77 million bags, marking a 16-month low. Robusta inventories at the London Exchange also fell by 4.6%, standing at 1.13 million bags. The simultaneous reduction across both major coffee types signals a broad squeeze on available supply.

Why Stocks Are Falling

Analysts point to several reasons behind the decline:

  • Weaker export flows – Global green coffee exports fell for the sixth consecutive month in July 2025, tightening supplies into key markets.

  • Crop concerns – Brazil, the world’s top producer, reported larger bean sizes but weaker density, which reduced overall yield estimates.

  • Climate risks – A frost in Brazil earlier this year damaged an estimated half a million bags.

  • Regulatory pressure – European roasters have been stockpiling ahead of the EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) that comes into force at the end of 2025, drawing beans out of certified warehouses into private storage.

Connection to Soaring Prices

The fall in stocks coincided with a dramatic rise in prices. In August, the ICO Composite Indicator Price (I-CIP) climbed 14.6% to 297.05 US cents per pound, the highest since 2024. With inventories shrinking, the likelihood of further price volatility is increasing, especially if supply disruptions persist.

Regional Dynamics

  • South America posted the steepest decline, with exports down 18.5%, driven by a 28.6% fall in Brazil.

  • Asia & Oceania moved in the opposite direction, growing exports 22.7%, led by Vietnam (+29.4%) and Indonesia (+20.4%).

  • Africa also contributed positively, with exports rising 4.4%, thanks to strong performance in Uganda (+51.4%) and Ethiopia (+12.5%).

  • Mexico & Central America recorded moderate growth of 7.2%, helping to diversify global supply, though not enough to offset South America’s losses.

What It Means for the Market

Industry experts warn that the current drawdown in stocks leaves the coffee market more vulnerable to external shocks. Further weather events in Brazil or Vietnam could deepen the supply gap, while the EUDR may slow exports to Europe. Rising shipping and labor costs add another layer of pressure on the supply chain, feeding into higher costs for roasters and consumers alike.

Outlook

The ICO emphasized that stock levels will remain a critical indicator for the market in the coming months. Any further declines could trigger another round of price surges, prolonging uncertainty for producers, traders, and consumers. With prices already at historic highs and inventories at multi-year lows, coffee is entering one of its most volatile periods in recent memory

World Coffee Research Boosts Uganda’s Coffee Production Goals through Nursery and Seed Lot Development

Dubai January 18, 2024(QW):In a significant stride towards achieving Uganda’s ambitious coffee production targets, World Coffee Research (WCR), in collaboration with the Uganda Coffee Development Authority (UCDA) and the Uganda National Coffee Research Institute (NaCORI), has been actively working on enhancing the country’s nursery and seed sector. The concerted effort aims to quadruple coffee production to 20 million bags by 2030, as outlined in Uganda’s Coffee Roadmap.

Over the past year, various initiatives have been undertaken, including the publication of open-access, localized training materials, workshops for nursery operators, evaluation and cleanup of seed lots, and the distribution of high-quality C. arabica and C. robusta seedlings across growing regions in Uganda.

Robert Adomati, UGACOF Field Officer, highlights the impact of supplying quality planting materials, stating, “increasing productivity, easing the accessibility of high-yielding varieties, and improving farmer incomes.”

The collaboration focuses on transforming Uganda’s coffee sector to benefit approximately 1.5 million households engaged in sustainable coffee farming. It aligns with the nine key initiatives of the Coffee Roadmap, with a goal to increase yields by 3-4 times compared to 2019-21 productivity rates and expand production land by 20%.

One of the primary challenges addressed is the mass propagation of improved planting material and seedling distribution. Uganda, a major producer and exporter of robusta coffee, faces hurdles in this process. WCR, in partnership with UCDA, is working to strengthen local nurseries to supply improved varieties, including 10 Coffee Wilt Disease (CWD)-resistant clonal lines, commercially released as NARO Kituza Robusta (KR) 1-10.

Funded by Strauss Coffee B.V. and WCR member companies globally, the project aims to deliver 100,000 healthy KR plants to farmers. In collaboration with UGACOF/Sucafina, nearly 50,000 KR plants have already been supplied to farmers in the Greater Masaka region, supporting the establishment of profitable and self-sustaining nurseries managed by coffee farmers.

Sjaak De Bloois, Head of Sustainability & Agronomy for UGACOF, expressed pride in the quick results of the partnership, with the remaining 50,000 plants set to be supplied in 2024. These farmers will also receive support for UCDA certification, ensuring compliance with local regulatory standards.

Furthermore, WCR, UCDA, and NaCORI are actively optimizing Uganda’s ability to propagate and grow robusta varieties. Training sessions for nursery operators and UCDA extension officers, along with the release of open-access educational resources, demonstrate a commitment to improving skills and knowledge in robusta nursery establishment and management.

Dr. Gerald Kyalo, Director of Agricultural Development Services for UCDA, emphasized the positive impact of the training sessions, stating, “The nursery training has contributed significantly to improving the skills of operators in the Masaka region, hence improving the quality of planting material being multiplied and sold to farmers.”

With these concerted efforts, Uganda is poised to not only meet but exceed its coffee production goals, ensuring sustainable growth for the coffee sector and the livelihoods of millions of Ugandan coffee farmers.